فصلنامه مطالعات بین رشته ای دانش راهبردی
پیاپی 36 (پاییز 1398)

Despite the relationship between population and national security, changes in population are far more effective than the very population in the national security. Population changes, affecting culture, society, politics and economy, pose a dramatic impact on the national security, and they affect all components of the former in respect of quantity and quality. The model for density, geographic distribution, age composition and structure, ethnic and religious relation in different cities, border inhabitance and center inhabitance, immigrations and emigrations are of the issues which interconnect the strategic concepts of population and national security. In the same vein, the present study is an applied-developmental research which has been conducted upon survey-description. The population of the study is composed of 30 experts on the national security which is objectively selected; the data is gathered with a researcher-fabricated questionnaire and the validity is confirmed (%99) through Cronbach’s Alpha, and the data is analysed with SPSS. As we dealt with two types of data, parametric and non- parametric, to achieve desirable results for the parametric ones, we used the average method and for the non- parametric ones, we exploited Friedman Test. In this study, the quantitative variables of population including growth, religion, ethnicity and language possess the highest score and the qualitative ones; i.e. experts, sightedness and the cultural values reflect the strongest impact on the IRI’s national security in respect.

The concern over preservation of Islamic identity in terms of lifestyle has always been a serious challenge to our Islamic-Iranian society. The discourse of the Islamic Revolution, focused on religious identity in the Iranian community, was in fact a demonstration of the Iranian-Islamic narrative of life versus modern, secular, or a combination of both. Despite the importance of having a lifestyle strategic model, no pattern has been formulated in the pursuit of missions and the realization of the revolution objectives. This research aims to offer a strategic lifestyle model based on the discourse of velayate-e Faqih, and optimize such way of life. The research main question is as follows: the strategic model of lifestyle based on the discourse of velayat-e Faqih and the constitution, divine discourse of velayat-e faqih in the area of lifestyle, To answer the research question, various methods have been employed such as text-based approach, qualitative method including content analysis, discourse analysis and data theorizing through grounded theory (GT). The research assesses statements of Imam Khomeini (God’s blessing on him) and Imam Khamenei long life to him. The method of data theorizing through grounded theory was also used to present a lifestyle model. The result of the research is a multi-level strategic model comprising orientation elements and management dimensions and their indicators.

Survey is a valuable tool for assessing the state of the public opinion in any subject. The goal of the political polling system is to generate information relevant to the views of the public on various political issues, with precision and speed, and to provide users and stakeholders with it. The religious democracy system has indicators to measure and measure its performance, including consultation with the public and their participation in the administration of the community and the value of the people's vote. Therefore, the political polling system based on religious democracy aims to preserve and promote the human and moral values ​​of the society, thus contributing to the strengthening of the relationship between the people and the government by providing continuous, accurate and accurate votes and opinions of the people. Understanding the optimal (strategic) pattern of the political polling system in the Islamic Republic of Iran is the main question of the research, which the researcher, by examining the status quo, examines the upstream dimensions to the dimensions, components and indicators of the strategic model of the political survey system. In this research, the research methodology of the Foundation's data Used. To answer the questions by referring to the research community, 42 research interviews with 24 experts and elites were conducted. The results of the research show that the independence and neutrality of the polling organizations, the observance of ethical and professional principles, and the honest publication of the results of the survey along with its methodological information are among the most important principles emphasized in the desirable political polling system.

Today, business face with new risks due to imbalances and changes in the market. After a while, in competencies in effectively managing the risks will result in negative impressions on the business. In these cases, Organizations have to apply new methods to solve risks in working atmospheres. One of the most efficient solutions to this, is knowledge management including risk management in different business processes. Accordingly, this research seeks to study on the possibilities of benefiting knowledge management along with electronic banking risk management having a system dynamics approache. This study also tries to present an applied model given birth through integrating knowledge and risk in order to reduce risks in electronic banking. Moving toward this goal, after a review on literature and related documents, first the key variables in knowledge management were recognized and on their bases the model dynamics hypotheseis was presented. Subsequently, the cause and effect diagram and also stock and flow diagram were illustrated and equation of model variables were derived. In the end, Following the process of testing and simulating dynamics model, also benefiting Vensim software, different scenarios were proposed to crat an applied version of the model. The results of selected scenarios showed an improvement in variables linked to the risk management process while benefiting knowledge management.

After the U.S withdrawal from Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPA) and re-imposition of sanctions, Iran filed its application in ICJ with regard to claims for damages arising from violation of Treaty of Amity and re-imposition of sanctions, and indications of provisional measures. By indicating such measures, ICJ orders the U.S to lift sanctions against Iran and meanwhile the U.S declared its withdrawal from Treaty of Amity. In this paper, we examined the legal effects of the U.S withdrawal from Treaty of Amity and its impact on proceedings in ICJ using a descriptive-analytical method. Research findings show that Iran and its individual subjects could request the U.S to be bound by obligations associated with Treaty of Amity by the time it is in force and termination of the Treaty does not preclude claims for damages from violation of its obligations. Additionally, Iran has the right to require performance of duties arising from provisional measures and claim for compensation due to violating it in ICJ.

Political viewpoint in the sense of objective quality, demand, method and the speed of realization in a political system encourages the political actions of individuals. Political viewpoint strengths the likelihood of particular political actions; hence, its study contributes to the prediction of political events. Accordingly, this study aims to theoretically develop the political viewpoint of effective sociological elements as a concept and elucidate its configuration. There is no definite and necessary relation between political viewpoint and political behavior, however, as it strengthens the likelihood of particular political actions and it is an element for the prediction of the likely political actions, its study contributes to the likely recognition of political actions and strengthens the prediction in politics as a capability. Sociological elements effective in the configuration of political viewpoint which are discussed at the middle and high classes of the society include: political sociability, propaganda, group, class, religion, geography, residence, race/ethnicity and meta socio-developments.

The study of contemporary wars shows the importance of passive defense issue more than ever because passive defense measures lead to the survival of human resources and macroeconomic saving and foreign exchange in maintaining super expensive military weapons and facilities. This paper deals with component-drawing of urban passive defense and introduces its effective components, indicators and dimensions. In this research, the literature has been provided by deep interview and then been developed through setting and distributing questionnaires within statistical population. Conclusions of the questionnaires, analyzed by SPSS and PLS software, have verified the dimensions and ac components of urban passive defense. Accordingly, the urban passive defense management, technology, knowledge and skills, support infrastructure, design and plan for the urban passive defense dimensions and also organizational structure, management and leadership, human capitals, strategies and policies, modern technology, research and innovation, facilities, fortification and structures, credits, plan implementation, controls and assessment have been determined under the components of this area.

The increase in the population of the country over the past decades and the increase in the supply of labor force against demand has made unemployment and employment a major issue under discussion in the national development programs. A significant proportion of workers in each country, especially in developing countries, are employed in rural areas. Meanwhile, the present study aims to design a sustainable employment pattern consistent with the meta employment policies stated by the Supreme Leader in the agricultural sector. The research is an exploratory mixed one, the qualitative data of which is gathered through experts' interviews and quantitative one is gathered by means of questionnaire from experts in the field, and they are analysed with Atlas Ti Software in the qualitative sector, and SPSS and Amos Software in the quantitative part. The findings led to the identification of the effective factors, underlying factors and intermediary factors, and ultimately the design of a sustainable employment pattern in the agricultural sector was fulfilled.

West Asia is one of the most important regions on the globe. The reasons for its importance include the abundant resources of energy, being the east-west connecting bridge, cradling major religions in the world and its ethnic diversity. The illegitimate presence of powers in the region has caused insecurity and the recent developments have made the political and military situation in the region more complicated than ever and have contributed to various conflicts in the region. Today, psychological operations have gained a lot of attention and are conducted in the strategic, operational and tactical levels. The identification of psyops in the regional conflicts is of great importance since it can promote decision-making to predict similar instances. Therefore, the main aim of this research is the identification and prioritization of the strategic-level psyops applied by actors in regional conflicts (2003 – 2017). In this research which is done in a descriptive method and mixed-method approach (qualitative to quantitative), the literature was obtained from library sources. Then, through interviews with the scholars, the most important regional conflicts from 2003 to 2017 and the PSYOP tactics applied in them were identified. The identified tactics and criteria were tested and confirmed through a questionnaire. Finally, the tactics were prioritized by use of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results show that five main tactics have been majorly used in the regional conflicts which are: exaggeration, forging, deceit, message massage, and intimidation among which, exaggeration turned out to be the most important gaining a composite weight of 0.38.

Civilizations have always been on their natural route to evolution along with injuries and challenges. In confrontation with other cultures and civilizations, they should attempt to protect their ideas, achievements and cultural identity; prevent the impact on the cultural geometry or structure of their identity and the damage or inefficiencies resulting from this conflict on the structure of civilization and their arrays. Recognizing the obstacles, injuries and challenges of the course of the movement of modern Islamic civilization is very vital and a major factor in its survival. The purpose of this study is to investigate obstacles, injuries and challenges facing modern Islamic civilization, and ultimately provide solutions to protect it in the new millennium. The method used in this research is that of institutional futures studies, i.e. to collect the information and the data, the method of consensus of experts, and to clarify it, the institutional writing is exploited in such a way that the conclusion is the approach which could protect the civilizational movement in various areas. Initially, using the interviews, concepts related to the injuries, challenges and barriers of modern Islamic civilization were extracted based on the theory of data in three stages of coding, axial coding and selective coding. Following, the conceptual model of the research was meanwhile designed. Ultimately, the findings indicated that a burgeoning successful civilization could historically protect its structure, movement and survival in the phases of preparation, and immunize its arrays in the face of opposing civilizations.

External threats have been always one of the most important determinants of countries’ defense expenditure. Iran is located in a region which is and always has been unstable and full of conflict Undoubtedly, being in such an unstable environment, will result in arms race in the region. In this regard, the main objective of this study is to examine defense expenditure convergence and the effectiveness of rival’s military status in defense sector budgetary decision-making process in MENA countries. To this end, annual data of 13 region’s selected countries over the period 1988-2017 has been used. The unit root test is one of the methods commonly applied in assessing convergence hypothesis. In this study, NCADF unit root test has been used. This test, under the alternative, has a nonlinear form and also can incorporate cross section dependence and coefficient heterogeneity in unit root test. Since defense expenditure convergence can be nonlinear, as a result this test has a significant superiority over the other methods. Results confirm the convergence of defense expenditure in MENA countries. Results show that 5 countries converge to Region’s Average, 4 countries to The Jerusalem-Occupying Regime, 2 countries to Iran and 2 countries converges to Turkey. According to the results, Iran’s military expenditure converges to region’s average, The Jerusalem-Occupying Regime and Saudi Arabia’s defense expenditures. Results also indicate that The Jerusalem-Occupying Regime is the biggest threat in the region.

With the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the rise of the Caspian Sea littoral states to 5 countries, the legal regime of the sea emerged in conjunction with increasing growth of innovation in exploration and extraction of deep seabed resources. In this line, since 1997, many meetings and endeavors have been conducted littoral countries, however, the agreements have never formed an official basis. In recent years, with a background of expertise on the problems concerned to Caspian Sea legal regime convention and aiming to handle the mentioned challenge and to reach a balanced regional point for signing the convention on the legal regime of Caspian Sea except in two cases of setting the territorial sea baseline and sea deep seabed resources, the convention was signed by the littoral countries in July 2018. Although the signature of this convention has had positive consequences on increasing the regional interaction, there are still many legal uncertainties in the defense and security spheres for the Islamic Republic of Iran. Therefore, focusing on all the clauses of this agreement and the lack of haste in its adoption in the interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the fields of defense and security should be taken into consideration.